In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. It was a mystery. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. She flirted with other men and had affairs. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. (LogOut/ Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. My God, how I despise you now. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. The situation in Washington was tense. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. 4 Comments. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. He was 65. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. Were working to restore it. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. "I said something to the escort and he just stayed silent, sitting, leafing through his magazine. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. [86][pageneeded]. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. This is absolutely the best place for us. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. by. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . Jun 27, 2019. burial place . He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. We all loved him enormously. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. Death. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Please try again later. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. 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