The native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) produces shiny oval inedible berries growing in small clusters. Honeysuckle. The tiny yellow flowers bloom in late March or early April. Red berries from two species of dogwood trees are edible. You can use the cherry-like fruit in preserves. These berries have a slightly oval shape and are bright red in color. Dogwood trees are a type of deciduous flowering tree which produce berries that are notoriously popular as a food source for birds. In fact, the bark looks like nearly uniform square scales. Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood, and kousa dogwoods. Canadian bunchberry The Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) is well known in some areas in Canada for a number of different reasons, including being 1 of the 2 only sub scrubs in the dogwood tree family. Cuttings need early protection with a planting dome and grow lights before planting in the ground. Also referred to as swamp dogwood, the stiff Dogwood is a large dogwood shrub or a small tree. The berries are popular with birds, but if they remain uneaten, they will stay hanging from the tree right through to fall. Species of relatively deer-resistant dogwood include Kousa Dogwood, Red Osier Dogwood, and Red Twigged Dogwood. The plant has yellow flowers with oval foliage that is approximately four inches in length. The fall fruit looks like raspberries and its edible if you can tolerate the mealy texture. Dogwoods are among the most beautiful trees found in American landscapes, but not all types are suitable for the garden. Some dogwood berries look like bright scarlet-red grape-like fruits growing in tight clusters. Though, this condition can be controlled by trimming off the affected branches. There are far too many ground-cover plants that are hardy in the same zones as dogwoods to list. This tree retains interest throughout every season, with the leaves taking on a deep purple shade by fall. It is native to the eastern and southeastern United States. @2020 - All Right Reserved. Lower branches should be pruned away to enhance the appearance of the bark. After pollination, they produce a type of fruit known as a drupe. Clemson University Cooperative Extension. You may also know them as European dogwood and Bloodtwig dogwood. Dogwood Berries - Cornus Kousa - YouTube The fruit of the Korean Dogwood - Cornus Kousa - is edible! Monrovia describes the aurora dogwood (Cornus x Rutban) as having creamy white blossoms with a silky feel. Do not confuse dogwood with Jamaican dogwood, a medicinal plant with soothing qualities that can be found throughout the Caribbean and Latin America. The Cornus (dogwood) genus includes a wonderful array of trees and shrubs. Hard, white berries start to sprout in the summer, and the fall foliage is a purplish-red color. Most dogwood berries are popular as food amongst birds and other wild animals, and some are also edible for humans. These are also known to bloom dull-white by the end of Spring, and they have both elliptical and oval leaves. The shrub has multiple stems, is open, and has a rounded shape. Place the plant, dome, and all, under grow lights for 18 hours daily. Cornus alternifolia: Pagoda Dogwood Small tree that grows with a tiered habit like a pagoda. The trees dark green foliage, white flowers, red berries, and attractive shape add to its visual appeal. They are edible for humans and are most commonly used in recipes for jams and syrups. Kousa dogwoods can live to be over 100 years. Commonly referred to as evergreen dogwood, Bethams cornel, and Himalayan strawberry tree, the Himalayan Dogwood is native to woodland areas throughout Asia and parts of Australia. . Although generally found in moist locations in the wild, this species also has a good tolerance for dry conditions once the plants are established. This type of Dogwood tends to grow slightly taller than the flowering Dogwood approximately 82 feet. In late summer, the leaves turn dark red and bright red berries appear in place of the flowers. They thrive in sun or shade. Cornelian cherry cultivation is suited to USDA zones 4 through 8. The blossoms are followed by the development of little black fruits that attract birds and other creatures. Mature trees can grow to 10m. Mountain lychees are eaten raw or processed, enjoying only the creamy, yellow-orange flesh, not the rough pink skin. They are grown primarily for ornamental purposes due to their showy blooms and colors. Celestial Dogwood ( Cornus x 'Rutdan') - The white bracts overlap and have a green tinge, although they become pure white after a few days. Kousa dogwood flowers are actually small green flowers surrounded by four, pointed, snow-white bracts. The Cornelian cherry dogwood (C. mas) and the Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) both have edible berries, but they look very different. Get daily tips & tricks to help make your best home. The 13 Different Types of Dogwood Trees 1. With species native to North America, Europe, and Asia, in addition to numerous cultivars, youll have no issue finding a dogwood that best suits your purposes. People describe the berry taste as a relatively sweet, creamy, rich flavor. This beautiful tree is interesting all year, with pink or white flowers in late winter or early spring, followed by attractive green foliage. Being a Los Angeles resident, Jessica spends a lot of her time looking for her next DIY project and sharing her love for home design. Name: C. amomum 'Cayenne'. Although the plant favors moist, well-drained soil, it can adapt to many other soil conditions and tolerate wet conditions for more extended periods than many varieties. You can identify a dogwood by looking at three of its physical characteristics: leaves, bark, and fruit. Flowering Dogwood. Dogwoods are commonly used as both flowering shrubs and trees in a landscape. A close up picture of Kousa dogwood flowers. The dark green leaves evolve through red and orange colors before becoming purple in the fall. Dogwoods are frequently used as flowering specimen shrubs and trees in the landscape. Read our. This is generally a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, though it can take the form of a small tree with proper pruning. Use plants that require no more than 4 inches of soil depth in close proximity to the protective mulch circle. It is a deciduous dogwood tree that proliferates and can reach an impressive 50 feet tall hence the giant distinction. European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. These stems will become green again the following spring. Asking someone to recommend the best dogwood for Oklahoma might seem a mean joke. 15 Popular Types of Dogwood There are 17 varieties of dogwoods native to North America. This dogwood species is identified by its yellow, four-petalled flowers growing in dense clusters, shiny, oblong red fruits, and large leaves growing oppositely on branches. In the fall, they turn shades of green and yellow with red and purple patches. You will likely need to prune common dogwood yearly (or perhaps even more) to keep it in check, as it can spread. Dogwood trees should be pruned with a sterile garden cutting tool once a year either in the late fall, winter, or very early spring (March) when a flowering dogwood tree is dormant. Many consider it to be the western version of the Flowering Dogwood. It is also slightly hardier than the Flowering dogwood. Older trees with patched bark may begin to peel. It is a large deciduous shrub or a thicket-forming bush, with exceptionally limber branches that extend to the ground. Dogwood is said to be the tree from which Christ was crucified, according to Christian folklore. They taste similar to sour cherries and cranberries. Subscribe our Newsletter for new blog posts and promotion. Youll often find this plant growing in marshes, swamps, streambanks, and various upland locations. In the early spring, this lovely plant blooms with white flowers. This Dogwood is a very showy variety, which offers year-round visual interest. It earned its name from the gray hue of its leaves, although they typically feature other colors. 'Magic Flame' Northern Swamp Dogwood 10. Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) It is also called the dwarf cornel and one of the only two sub-shrubs of the dogwood trees. The blooming of dogwood blooms marks the beginning of maize sowing according to Native American beliefs and practices. Native to Greenland, northeastern Asia, and North America, this plant grows best in partial shade and can reach a height between four and six inches. Dogwood berries are still acidic when ripe, but they are luscious when they are. Flowering dogwood has the showiest blooms with large star-shaped white blossoms. In winter, the leaves will have been shed to reveal the exfoliating, rough bark in a rich chocolate shade. In late spring, the plant produces white flowers, leading to white fruit in the summer. In summer, the bright green foliage creates a canopy that can be used for shade, and red-orange berries arrive, which adds a vibrant contrast of color. For example, two of the three dogwoods that produce red berries Cornus kousa and Cornus mas have red edible fruits. Silky dogwood blooms in May or June. For example, the beautiful kousa dogwood tree is a bit high-maintenance thanks to the necessary clean-up of its falling fruits. Dogwoods are among the best trees and shrubs for providing year-round interest, but they perform their best when planted in moist, fertile soil and in a location with dappled light. Kousa dogwood produces its showy red berries early in August. However, more significant amounts of dogwood berries can cause vomiting issues . Read the following subsections to learn more about the deer-resistant types of dogwood. If pollination occurs, the flowers develop into showy, red berries, each one about 1/2 inch . Native to the Eastern U.S., this handsome tree thrives in USDA plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. The seeds are exceedingly hard, with an oval shape, looking like a long grape seed. By summer, the showy blooms give way to berries that resemble cherries, hence the common name for the tree of Cornelian Cherry. The flowers give way to bright red fruits, which will remain on the tree until fall unless they are eaten by hungry birds. It is often used as an ingredient in sauces, jams, liquor, and even pickles. Because of its showy nature, the Flowering Dogwood is the most commonly planted variety. Over time, the branches become a bright red, and by wintertime, the plant provides lovely contrast against a bare or snowy backdrop. As it ages, the bark fades to a gray hue. This species and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which can be controlled by pruning away affected branches. Whether it be Red Twig or Siberian, lets take a look at the 15 beautiful and unique types of Dogwood trees. Stiff Dogwood 17. Also known as bunchberry, dwarf cornel, or bog bunchberry, this is a common plant in arctic, tundra-type terrain. Kousa dogwood: Showy, pinkish-red to red fruits resembling raspberries appear in September and October. Kousa dogwood trees grow 15 30 ft. (4 9 m) tall and wide. Established Flowering dogwoods will have mottled bark that is reminiscent of alligator hide, bringing interest to the landscape through winter. It is customary to eliminate the astringent skin of the dogwood berries before eating it, but the meat has a peculiar, sweet flavor resembling stone fruits. However, you should consider the professional opinion to correctly identify different dogwood species and speak with your physician before attempting alternative treatments. Often referred to as northern swamp dogwood, the gray Dogwood is a deciduous shrub native to the eastern parts of North America, including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Canada. Dogwood berries are often bright red, although other colors include dark blue, purple, black, and white, and gray. Flowering Dogwood can grow up to 15-30 feet high and 15-20 feet wide, having an airy, multi-stem shape. Canadian Bunchberry/Dwarf Dogwood (Cornus Canadensis) You can harvest the fruit of this tree once it has ripened and fallen to the ground, and use it to make liquors, jams, desserts, pickles, and sauces. Finally, the trees have white flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves turning red in the fall. Silky and red osier dogwoods are especially tolerant of consistently moist soil. As one of the most common types of trees with a range of cultivars, each having distinct characteristics, there are numerous dogwoods to choose from. The pagoda dogwood is typically a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, although, with proper pruning, it can take on the form of a small tree. The leaves on the dogwood are ovate-shaped, measuring 3 to 6 (7.5 15 cm) long. Similar to flowering Dogwood, the mountain dogwood is very susceptible to dogwood anthracnose disease. While there are 17 types of dogwoods native to North America, the following 12 varieties are most commonly found. Ornamental cornelian cherries are the most popular type to be seen in residential gardens. Anthracnose Diseases of Dogwood. This can help you in narrowing down your choice of what dogwood tree to use for specific spots in your landscape. The bark is smooth, dark green, and streaky; eventually turning light brown with narrow fissures. Additionally, kousa dogwoods produce red berries 0.78 to 1.1 (2 3 cm) across. Each of these dogwood species may be available in different cultivars that offer unique features, such as a dwarf size, variegated leaf color, or unusual bark or stem color. They thrive in USDA zones 5 through 8. . Descriptions and pictures of the deciduous trees red fruit, leaves, and bark will help you recognize red-berry-producing dogwood trees in the landscape. Look for this species to have new bark that is orange-brown each year. 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