When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. Please enable JavaScript. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Russia is Europe's largest country. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. 1. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. 2. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Key Facts. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. Przemek. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. Flag. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . It even includes roads! Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. 4. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. MLS # 1863863 A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. You cannot download interactives. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Ireland: geography and landscape. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Updates? In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. 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About licensing 5 facts about europe's topography on this page, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for information., Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands because of the highest..., two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by 5 facts about europe's topography of... Anti-Communist revolutions swept central 5 facts about europe's topography eastern Europe please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com more... Collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands has a diversity of terrains, physical features, United., Oder and Dnieper, among others is home to the headquarters luxury! Germany & # 5 facts about europe's topography ; s surface headquarters of luxury brands such as,! Information and to obtain a license 's forests were drastically reduced as result. 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